The Kutup Blog
Practical articles on industrial automation, control systems, data infrastructure, and applied AI — written by the same engineering team that builds Kutup. No filler, no speculation: grounded technical writing for engineers who need to make decisions.
- Articles
- 16 published
- Topics
- Networking · Control · Data · AI · Security · Instrumentation
- Publisher
- ASP Dijital
All articles
Newest first.
Machine Learning in 21 KB: Our WebAssembly Kernel
Kutup moved its client-side machine learning into a 21 KB WebAssembly kernel written in C — no TensorFlow.js, no 50 MB model download. How it works, what it buys, and the tradeoffs.
Time-Series Data in Industry: Storage, Trends, and Forecasting
From historians to machine learning, time-series data powers industrial analytics. A practical guide to collection, quality, and the forecasting methods that actually work on plant data.
Making LLMs Reliable for Industrial Q&A: Evidence-First Design
General chatbots hallucinate; industrial answers must be verifiable. This article describes the evidence-first design pattern: curated corpora, hybrid retrieval, constrained synthesis, and inspectable output.
Instrument Calibration: Zero, Span, and Uncertainty
Calibration is how a measurement earns trust. The fundamentals — zero, span, linearity, hysteresis, and uncertainty — every engineer should apply before relying on an instrument.
Word Embeddings and Semantic Search: How Modern Retrieval Works
Semantic search matches meaning, not spelling. This article explains embeddings, vector similarity, and why hybrid keyword-plus-vector retrieval is the robust production pattern.
What Is a Data Historian? Time-Series Data in Process Plants
Process data is time-series data, and general-purpose databases handle it poorly. Historians are purpose-built for collecting, compressing, and serving millions of process values.
The 4–20 mA Signal: Why Analog Measurement Endures
Decades after digital fieldbuses arrived, the 4–20 mA loop still dominates instrumentation. The reasons are practical, not nostalgic: wire break detection, distance, and noise immunity.
What Is SCADA? Architecture and Components Explained
SCADA systems supervise and control geographically distributed assets. A practical breakdown of their five core layers and how they fit together.
IEC 62443 and OT Security: Zones, Conduits, and Best Practices
IEC 62443 is the reference standard for industrial automation and control system security. Here is how its zone and conduit model translates into concrete network decisions.
RAG vs Fine-Tuning: Building Domain-Specific LLM Assistants
Retrieval-augmented generation and fine-tuning solve different problems. Knowing which to use — and why most production systems need both — prevents expensive mistakes.
PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, and EtherCAT: Comparing Industrial Ethernet
Three standards dominate industrial Ethernet. They share the same cables and switches — but their timing, topology, and engineering models differ in ways that matter.
SQL Normalization: Why Database Design Still Matters
Normalization is the discipline of designing relational schemas that stay consistent as data grows. A practical guide to the normal forms that matter for real systems.
PID Control: How Proportional, Integral, and Derivative Terms Work
PID is the workhorse of process control. Understand what each term actually does, how the controller responds, and what tuning really means before you touch a loop.
What Is OPC UA? A Practical Introduction for Engineers
OPC UA is the modern standard for industrial data exchange — secure, information-rich, and platform-independent. Here is what it actually provides and how it fits your architecture.
PLC vs DCS: How to Choose the Right Control Architecture
Programmable logic controllers and distributed control systems both automate industrial processes — but they were designed for different problems. Here is how engineers choose between them.
Modbus TCP vs Modbus RTU: Choosing the Right Protocol
Modbus remains the most widely supported industrial protocol in the world. This guide compares the serial RTU variant with the Ethernet TCP variant and explains when each belongs in your architecture.
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